kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me.”1 In the case of the spies who were shown kindness by Rahab,2 it was the kindness which led to the forming of the tie between people who were not under the same covenant or blood-relationship. Here the idea is simply that an act of such kindness puts one under obligation to render a return. The important fact is that ḥesed is used both for the initial act and the return, and the underlying idea is that the relation has
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